There are so many programming languages designed for web development. Sometimes it would be very difficult to choose a language for beginners to web development. Here I write about some trending, most popular, and powerful languages for web development in 2021. So beginners can choose easily.

1. Javascript

Javascript is the most popular and used programming language for the web. Javascript is must essential for the frontend for modern websites. Currently, single-page applications are so popular. Javascript's libraries and frameworks make it so easy. Javascript is easy to learn and it has so many use cases like for Web Development for both frontend and backend, Mobile Application Development, Desktop Application Development, Artificial Intelligence, Game Development, and so on. Popular JavaScript frontend libraries and frameworks are ReactJS, Angular, EmberJS, VueJS. And JavaScript runtimes for the backend are NodeJS and Deno. There are some popular backend frameworks for backend like ExpressJS, AdonisJS, Koa, Meteor. For developing real-time applications like chat Javascript is the best.

2. Go

Go is an open-source programming language developed by Google that makes it easy to build simple, reliable, and efficient software. Being a low-level and compiled language Go runs faster. So where need high-performance Go would be the best choice. For Go is easy to use concurrency and multi-core processing. It doesn’t need to deal with constant Async like NodeJS. As Go is a general-purpose language It can be used for any purpose. Go was designed for server-side programming so it is good for web development. Some of the web frameworks for golang are Beego, Gin, Echo, and Fasthttp.

3. Python

Python is an interpreted, high-level and general-purpose programming language. Very easy to learn and its syntax is so clean. Python can be used for anything like Web Development, Mobile Application Development, Game Development, Hacking, Networking, Artificial Intelligence, IoT, Data analysis & visualization. Being an interpreted language it might be slightly slow in some cases. But it is a good choice for web development and real-time features like chat applications. It has popular web development frameworks like Django, Flask, and Pyramid.

4. PHP

PHP is a general-purpose scripting language especially suited to web development. Almost 79% of the web applications developed with PHP. It has so many popular CMS and Frameworks for web development. Being so many developers engaged with PHP it has a great developer community and developing applications with PHP would be cost-effective. But if you want to develop a real-time service PHP would not be a good choice. Being easy to learn and deployment cheap hosting PHP spread so fast. Market share of PHP highly increased by WordPress(Content management system) percentage. Right now PHP is one of the most popular languages for web development just because of WordPress(Content management system) and Laravel(Framework). Otherwise, the percentage of PHP might be something else. Laravel is the most popular and used framework for web development currently. On the other hand in CMS market WordPress is the most popular and used CMS. Alongside Laravel, there are Symfony, Codeigniter, Yii Framework which are also popular.

5. Kotlin

Kotlin is a cross-platform, statically typed, general-purpose programming language with type inference. Kotlin is designed to interoperate fully with Java, and the JVM version of Kotlin's standard library depends on the Java Class Library, but type inference allows its syntax to be more concise. Kotlin is mostly used for Android application development. Kotlin is a language developed by the developers. It brings so many modern language features and better exception handling than Java. Any code written in Kotlin is much smaller compared to Java, as it is less verbose and less code means fewer bugs. Kotlin incorporates coroutines, as well as interoperability with Javascript for web development. Right now Kotlin is not widely using for web development but it would be a better choice to use Kotlin instead of java and as Kotlin compiles the code to bytecode and executed it in the JVM it can use all Libraries and Frameworks of Java. You can use Spring Boot with Kotlin for web development or Kotlin specific frameworks like Ktor.

All of the above languages are currently trending and mostly used. So you can choose any of them. If you feel confusion you can start with python. It will give you an opportunity to diversifying. If you are likely to develop a mobile application you can choose Kotlin.

Whatever you learn you must have to learn JavaScript. You can use JavaScript for both frontend and backend.